“mandate”主要有名词和动词两种词性。名词时意为“授权;命令;任务;任期”;动词时意为“授权;委托;强制执行;使成为必要”。在用法上,名词“mandate”常用于正式或官方语境,可作主语、宾语等;动词“mandate”可接名词、动名词或“that”从句作宾语,在从句中“that”可省略且从句谓语用虚拟语气。
含义
授权:指上级给予下级或组织给予个人进行某项工作的权力。例如,The government has a mandate from the people to implement these reforms.(政府得到人民的授权来实施这些改革。)这里“mandate”体现了政府通过人民的认可获得推行改革的权力。
命令;指令:表示来自上级或权威机构的明确指示。比如,The judge issued a mandate for the defendant to appear in court.(法官下达了被告必须出庭的命令。)
任务:常用于政治、外交等领域,指被赋予的重要使命。例如,The peacekeeping force was sent to the region with a clear mandate to maintain stability.(维和部队被派往该地区,肩负着维护稳定的明确任务。)
任期:特别是在选举产生的职位上,指当选者任职的期限。如,He served two full mandates as mayor.(他担任了两届完整的市长任期。)
用法
作主语:The mandate of the organization is to promote environmental protection.(该组织的任务是促进环境保护。)
作宾语:The president received a strong mandate from the voters.(总统从选民那里获得了强有力的授权。)
常见搭配
have a mandate to do sth.:有做某事的授权。例如,The new government has a mandate to reform the tax system.(新政府有改革税收制度的授权。)
carry out/fulfill a mandate:执行/履行任务。如,The UN troops are carrying out their mandate to protect civilians.(联合国部队正在执行保护平民的任务。)
含义
授权;委托:把权力或任务交给某人。例如,The board of directors mandated him to negotiate the deal.(董事会授权他去谈判这笔交易。)
强制执行;规定:通过法律、法规等要求必须做某事。比如,The new law mandates that all cars must have seat belts.(新法律规定所有汽车都必须配备安全带。)
使成为必要:表示某种情况使得做某事成为必须。例如,The situation mandates immediate action.(这种情况要求立即采取行动。)
用法
接名词作宾语:The company mandated a new training program for its employees.(公司为员工规定了一个新的培训计划。)
接动名词作宾语:The government mandates recycling in all cities.(政府规定所有城市都要进行回收利用。)
接“that”从句作宾语,从句中“that”可省略,且从句谓语用“(should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气。例如,The committee mandated (that) the proposal be submitted by Friday.(委员会规定提案必须在周五前提交。)