"Incidence"是一个英语名词,主要指某事件或现象的发生率、频率或影响范围,常用于统计学、医学、社会学等领域。其核心含义围绕“事件发生的程度或比例”,尤其在讨论疾病、问题或社会现象的普遍性时使用。
英文释义:
The frequency or rate at which something occurs, especially an unwanted event or phenomenon.(某事件或现象的发生频率或比率,尤指不良事件或现象。)
The extent to which something affects or is relevant to a particular group.(某事物对特定群体的影响程度或相关性。)
词性:名词(不可数名词,复数形式为"incidences",但较少用)。
医学领域:
指疾病、症状或健康问题的发病率。
示例:
"The incidence of diabetes has increased in recent years."(近年来糖尿病的发病率有所上升。)
"The study analyzed the incidence of side effects from the new drug."(研究分析了新药副作用的发生率。)
统计学与流行病学:
指某现象在特定人群或时间段内的出现频率。
示例:
"The incidence of poverty varies widely across regions."(贫困的发生率在不同地区差异很大。)
"Researchers are studying the incidence of cyberbullying among teenagers."(研究人员正在研究青少年网络欺凌的发生率。)
社会学与经济学:
指某问题或现象对特定群体的影响程度。
示例:
"The government is concerned about the high incidence of unemployment in rural areas."(政府对农村地区高失业率表示担忧。)
"The report highlights the incidence of tax evasion in the industry."(报告强调了该行业逃税问题的普遍性。)
High/low incidence:高/低发生率。
示例:"There is a high incidence of allergies in children."(儿童过敏症的发生率很高。)
Rate of incidence:发生率(更正式的表达)。
示例:"The rate of incidence of lung cancer is higher in smokers."(吸烟者中肺癌的发病率更高。)
Incidence of...:...的发生率。
示例:"The incidence of traffic accidents has decreased due to stricter laws."(由于法律更严格,交通事故的发生率有所下降。)
Incidence vs. Prevalence:
Incidence:指新病例的发生率(强调“新增”)。
Prevalence:指某疾病的总患病率(强调“现存”)。
示例:
"The incidence of flu is highest in winter."(流感在冬季的新增病例最多。)
"The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally."(全球肥胖症的总患病率正在上升。)
Incidence vs. Frequency:
Incidence:更侧重于统计数据和科学分析。
Frequency:更通用,指重复发生的次数。
示例:
"The incidence of earthquakes in this region is low."(该地区地震的发生率很低。)
"The frequency of his visits has decreased."(他来访的频率降低了。)
医学研究:
"A recent study found a 10% increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease among people over 65."(最近一项研究发现,65岁以上人群中阿尔茨海默病的发病率增加了10%。)
公共卫生政策:
"The government is implementing measures to reduce the incidence of smoking-related diseases."(政府正在采取措施降低吸烟相关疾病的发病率。)
社会调查:
"The survey revealed a high incidence of stress among working parents."(调查显示,在职父母中压力的发生率很高。)
不可数名词:
"Incidence"作为不可数名词,通常不与复数形式连用(除非强调具体案例,如"incidences of fraud")。
语境敏感:
在科学或技术语境中,需明确区分"incidence"与相关术语(如"prevalence")。
"Incidence"的核心含义是某事件或现象的发生率或影响程度,尤其在医学、统计学和社会学中广泛使用。理解其与"prevalence""frequency"等词汇的区别,有助于更准确地表达科学或统计数据。