“expense”是英语中表示“费用、开支、代价”的名词,也可引申为“麻烦、负担”。其用法灵活,既可指具体金额,也可指抽象成本。核心用法包括:
1、 可数名词:表示具体开支(如生活费、差旅费)。
2、 不可数名词:泛指费用总额或抽象成本(如“节省开支”)。
3、 短语搭配:如“at one's expense”(以某人为代价)、“expense account”(报销账户)等。
4、 派生词:形容词“expensive”(昂贵的)、动词“expense”(报销费用)。
基本义:指为达成某事而产生的金钱支出,如“生活费用”(living expenses)、“差旅费”(travel expenses)。
引申义:表示抽象的“代价”或“负担”,如“以健康为代价”(at the expense of one's health)。
词性:名词,可数或不可数(根据语境)。
表示具体的一项或多项开支,通常用复数形式“expenses”:
The company will cover all your travel expenses.(公司会报销你的所有差旅费。)
Monthly expenses include rent, utilities, and groceries.(月支出包括房租、水电费和食品杂货。)
泛指费用总额或抽象成本,用单数形式:
Cutting down on expenses is necessary during hard times.(在经济困难时期,削减开支是必要的。)
Success often comes at the expense of personal time.(成功往往以牺牲个人时间为代价。)
at one's expense:以某人为代价(常含贬义),或“由某人付费”:
He made jokes at her expense.(他拿她开玩笑。)
Dinner is at my expense tonight.(今晚晚餐我请客。)
at the expense of:以……为代价,牺牲……:
They built the factory at the expense of the environment.(他们以牺牲环境为代价建造了工厂。)
expense account:报销账户(商务场景):
He always charges expensive meals to his expense account.(他总把昂贵的餐费记到报销账户上。)
go to the expense of doing sth.:为做某事而花费:
They went to the expense of hiring a professional team.(他们不惜花钱请了一个专业团队。)
形容词:expensive(昂贵的)
This car is too expensive for me.(这辆车对我来说太贵了。)
动词:expense(报销费用,正式用法)
The company allows employees to expense business trips.(公司允许员工报销差旅费。)
复数与单数的区别:
具体开支用复数(expenses),抽象成本用单数(expense)。
与“cost”的区别:
“expense”更侧重日常或商务开支,“cost”更强调生产或购买的直接价格(如“cost of production”生产成本)。
与“spending”的区别:
“expense”多指必要开支,“spending”更强调消费行为(如“personal spending”个人消费)。
We need to reduce our monthly expenses.(我们需要减少月支出。)
The project was completed at the expense of the team's health.(项目以牺牲团队健康为代价完成。)
Her new dress was quite an expense.(她的新裙子花了不少钱。)
通过以上总结和例句,可以更清晰地掌握“expense”的用法。在实际应用中,需根据语境判断其可数性、搭配及引申含义。