“peculate”是一个动词,意为“盗用公款;贪污”,通常用于正式或书面语境,描述非法挪用或侵吞公共资金的行为。其用法遵循一般动词规则,可接宾语构成完整句子,也常用于被动语态或名词化形式(peculation)。
“peculate”源自拉丁语“peculatus”,意为“私吞”或“盗用”,在现代英语中特指非法挪用或侵吞公共资金的行为,即贪污。这一词汇多用于正式或书面语境,如法律文件、新闻报道或学术讨论中。
主动语态:
“peculate”作为及物动词,可直接接宾语,表示某人实施贪污行为。
例句:
The accountant was found to have peculated thousands of dollars from the company.(会计被发现从公司贪污了数千美元。)
The official peculated public funds meant for infrastructure projects.(官员贪污了本应用于基础设施项目的公共资金。)
被动语态:
通过被动结构强调行为对象(被贪污的资金)或行为主体(被指控的官员)。
例句:
Millions of dollars were peculated in the corruption scandal.(在腐败丑闻中,数百万美元被贪污。)
The mayor was accused of peculating funds allocated for disaster relief.(市长被指控贪污了用于救灾的资金。)
名词化形式:
“peculation”作为名词,表示贪污行为本身或贪污所得的资金。
例句:
Investigations revealed widespread peculation within the government.(调查发现政府内部存在广泛的贪污行为。)
The prosecution argued that the defendant's lavish lifestyle was funded by peculation.(控方认为被告奢侈的生活方式源于贪污所得。)
正式/书面语境:
“peculate”常见于法律文件、新闻报道、学术研究等需要严谨表达的场合。
例句:
The report detailed how the official had peculated funds over a period of five years.(报告详细描述了官员如何在五年内贪污资金。)
常见搭配:
“peculate public funds”(贪污公款)
“be accused of peculating”(被指控贪污)
“engage in peculation”(从事贪污行为)
embezzle:
更通用,指非法占有他人(尤其是雇主)的资金,不限于公共资金。
例句:
She was arrested for embezzling money from her employer.(她因贪污雇主资金被捕。)
defraud:
强调通过欺骗手段非法获取财物,对象可为个人或组织。
例句:
The company was defrauded of millions by a fraudulent scheme.(公司因欺诈计划损失数百万。)
misappropriate:
指非法挪用资金或资源,但未必涉及个人利益,可能用于公共或私人领域。
例句:
The charity funds were misappropriated by the board members.(慈善基金被董事会成员挪用。)
主动语态:
The politician peculated the campaign funds to finance his personal business.(政客挪用竞选资金资助个人生意。)
被动语态:
The funds were peculated by the finance director before the audit.(审计前,财务总监贪污了资金。)
名词化形式:
The audit uncovered evidence of systematic peculation.(审计发现了系统性贪污的证据。)
正式性:
“peculate”为正式词汇,日常对话中较少使用,替代词如“steal”或“misuse”更常见。
例句对比:
正式:The official peculated the funds.(官员贪污了资金。)
非正式:The official stole the money.(官员偷了钱。)
语境匹配:
在法律、金融或政治讨论中,优先使用“peculate”以体现专业性。