“receive”的基本意思是“收到;接收”,既可以指实际收到物体,也可指抽象地接收信息、情感等。在用法上,它主要作及物动词,后可直接接宾语,常见搭配有“receive sth from sb”“receive a letter/message”等;同时还有被动语态的用法,并且可与一些介词搭配构成短语表达不同含义。
实际接收物体:当表示收到具体的、有形的物品时,“receive”强调从发送者手中实际得到该物品。例如:I received a package from my friend yesterday.(我昨天收到了朋友寄来的一个包裹。)这里“received”清晰地表明“我”实际拿到了包裹。
抽象接收信息、情感等:它也可用于表示接收抽象的事物,如信息、消息、情感等。例如:She received a lot of praise for her excellent performance.(她因出色的表现而受到了很多赞扬。)这里“received praise”就是接收到了赞扬这种抽象的情感表达。
作及物动词
直接接宾语:“receive”最常见的用法是作及物动词,后面直接接所收到的物品或抽象事物作为宾语。例如:We receive a lot of emails every day.(我们每天都会收到很多电子邮件。)
常见搭配
“receive sth from sb”:表示从某人那里收到某物。例如:I received a beautiful gift from my sister on my birthday.(在我生日那天,我从姐姐那里收到了一份漂亮的礼物。)
“receive a letter/message/call”等:表示收到信件、信息、电话等。例如:He didn't receive any messages during the meeting.(他在会议期间没有收到任何信息。)
被动语态:“receive”常用于被动语态,强调“被收到”这一动作。例如:The invitation was received by all the guests.(所有的客人都收到了邀请函。)这里用被动语态突出了邀请函被客人接收的情况。
与介词搭配
“receive with”:表示“以……方式接收”。例如:She received the news with joy.(她高兴地接收了这个消息。)
“receive into”:有“接纳进入;使成为……的一员”的意思。例如:The club received him as a new member.(俱乐部接纳他成为新会员。)