"much"是英语中常用的限定词、副词和代词,主要表示“大量”“许多”(不可数名词)或程度上的“非常”(副词)。其用法因词性不同而有所差异,核心规则包括:
限定词:修饰不可数名词(如"much water")。
副词:修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示程度(如"run much faster")。
代词:代替不可数名词(如"Much of the work is done")。
否定句和疑问句:常用于否定句和疑问句中(如"Is there much sugar?"),但肯定句中需谨慎使用。
"much"具有三种主要词性,用法如下:
定义:修饰不可数名词,表示数量。
例句:
"I have much work to do."(我有大量工作要做。)
"There isn't much sugar left."(糖不多了。)
规则:
仅用于不可数名词(如"water", "money", "information")。
在肯定句中较少单独使用,多与否定词(如"not")或"too", "so", "as"等连用。
定义:修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示程度。
例句:
"She runs much faster than me."(她跑得比我快得多。)
"Thank you much."(口语中,表示“非常感谢”。)
规则:
用于比较级(如"faster", "better")前,加强程度。
在口语中,"Thank you much"为非正式用法,正式场合应使用"Thank you very much"。
定义:代替不可数名词,表示“大量”。
例句:
"Much of the food was wasted."(大量食物被浪费了。)
"Much has changed since we last met."(自上次见面以来,变化很大。)
规则:
常与"of"连用,后接名词短语(如"much of the time")。
否定句:
"much"常用于否定句,表示“不多”或“几乎没有”。
例句:
"I don't have much time."(我没有多少时间。)
"He doesn't eat much."(他吃得不多。)
疑问句:
"much"可用于疑问句,询问数量或程度。
例句:
"Is there much milk in the fridge?"(冰箱里还有牛奶吗?)
"Do you earn much?"(你赚得多吗?)
限制:
在肯定句中,"much"较少单独使用,通常与"too", "so", "as"等连用。
例句:
"You have too much sugar in your coffee."(你咖啡里的糖太多了。)
"He has as much experience as she does."(他的经验和她的一样多。)
替代方案:
在肯定句中,常用"a lot of", "lots of", "plenty of"等代替"much"。
例句:
"I have a lot of work to do."(我有大量工作要做。)
"There is plenty of time left."(还剩很多时间。)
"not much":表示“不多”或“没什么”。
例句:
"There's not much to say."(没什么可说的。)
"so much for...":表示“到此为止”或“关于……就这些”。
例句:
"So much for today's lesson."(今天的课就到这里。)
"as much as":表示“和……一样多”或“尽管”。
例句:
"I love you as much as you love me."(我爱你和你爱我一样多。)
"As much as I want to go, I can't."(尽管我想去,但我不能。)
"much":修饰不可数名词(如"water", "money")。
"many":修饰可数名词复数(如"books", "people")。
例句:
"I have much homework to do."(不可数名词)
"I have many books to read."(可数名词复数)
"much"作为感叹词:
在口语中,"much"可作为感叹词,表示“非常感谢”或“非常”。
例句:
"Much obliged!"(非常感谢!)
"Much better!"(好多了!)
词性 | 用法 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
限定词 | 修饰不可数名词 | "I have much work to do." |
副词 | 修饰动词、形容词或副词 | "She runs much faster than me." |
代词 | 代替不可数名词 | "Much of the food was wasted." |
否定句 | 表示“不多”或“几乎没有” | "I don't have much time." |
疑问句 | 询问数量或程度 | "Is there much milk in the fridge?" |
肯定句 | 较少单独使用,需与"too"等连用 | "You have too much sugar in your coffee." |
在正式写作中,避免在肯定句中单独使用"much",可改用"a lot of"等。
注意"much"与"many"的区别,前者用于不可数名词,后者用于可数名词复数。
在比较级中,"much"常用于加强程度(如"much better")。